down

英式音标：down怎么读

美式音标：down怎么读

词汇归类： CET4,GRE,考研,CET6,中低频词,基本词汇

down词义

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adv. 向下，下去；在下面adj. 向下的n. 软毛，绒毛；[地质] 开阔的高地prep. 沿着，往下vt. 打倒，击败vi. 下降；下去n. (Down)人名；(英)唐

词态变化

复数: downs;第三人称单数: downs;过去式: downed;过去分词: downed;现在分词: downing;

中文词源

down 向下

来自古英语dun, 山地，山丘，堡垒，词源同downs, town. 进一步来自PIE*dheue, 关闭，围，圈住，居住地，词源同dune, town. 词义由山上过渡到下山，在16世纪开始做为副词使用，这种词义演变在所有日耳曼语系同源词中仅发生在英语。

down 绒羽

来自PIE*dheu, 尘土，漂浮，词源同dust. 用来指绒羽或绒毛。

down双语例句

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1. She dusted herself down and left to build her own career.: 她重振旗鼓去开创自己的事业了。

2. Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down.: 当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。

3. One of the office girls was down with the flu.: 一位女职员得了流感。

4. Rather taken aback by such forwardness, I slammed down the phone.: 如此无礼的言语让我火冒三丈，我砰的一下把电话挂了。

5. These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down.: 这些预算旨在减少赤字，将会大大受限。

down英文词源

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down: down: Effectively, English now has three distinct words down, but two of them are intimately related: for down ‘to or at a lower place’ [11] originally meant ‘from the hill’ – and the Old English word for hill in this instance was dūn. This may have been borrowed from an unrecorded Celtic word which some have viewed as the ultimate source also of dune [18] (borrowed by English from Middle Dutch dūne) and even of town.

Its usage is now largely restricted to the plural form, used as a geographical term for various ranges of hills (the application to the North and South Downs in southern England dates from at least the 15th century). The Old English phrase of dūne ‘from the hill’ had by the 10th century become merged into a single word, adūne, and broadened out semantically to ‘to a lower place, down’, and in the 11th century it started to lose its first syllable – hence down.

Its use as a preposition dates from the 16th century. (The history of down is closely paralleled in that of French à val, literally ‘to the valley’, which also came to be used for ‘down’; it is the source of French avaler ‘descend, swallow’, which played a part in the development of avalanche.) Down ‘feathers’ [14] was borrowed from Old Norse dúnn.
=> dune
down (adv.): late Old English shortened form of Old English ofdune "downwards," from dune "from the hill," dative of dun "hill" (see down (n.2)). A sense development peculiar to English.

Used as a preposition since c. 1500. Sense of "depressed mentally" is attested from c. 1600. Slang sense of "aware, wide awake" is attested from 1812. Computer crash sense is from 1965. As a preposition from late 14c.; as an adjective from 1560s. Down-and-out is from 1889, American English, from situation of a beaten prizefighter. Down home (adj.) is 1931, American English; down the hatch as a toast is from 1931; down to the wire is 1901, from horse-racing. Down time is from 1952. Down under "Australia and New Zealand" attested from 1886; Down East "Maine" is from 1825; Down South "in the Southern states of the U.S." is attested by 1834.
down (n.1): "soft feathers," late 14c., from Old Norse dunn, perhaps ultimately from PIE root *dheu- (1) "to fly about (like dust), to rise in a cloud."
down (n.2): Old English dun "down, moor; height, hill, mountain," from Proto-Germanic *dunaz- (cognates: Middle Dutch dunen "sandy hill," Dutch duin), "probably a pre-insular loan-word from Celtic" [Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names], in other words, borrowed at a very early period, before the Anglo-Saxon migration, from PIE root *dheue- "to close, finish, come full circle." Meaning "elevated rolling grassland" is from c. 1300.

The non-English Germanic words tend to mean "dune, sand bank" (see dune), while the Celtic cognates tend to mean "hill, citadel" (compare Old Irish dun "hill, hill fort;" Welsh din "fortress, hill fort;" and second element in place names London, Verdun, etc.). German Düne, French dune, Italian, Spanish duna are said to be loan-words from Dutch.
down (v.): 1560s, from down (adv.). Meaning "swallow hastily" is by 1860; football sense of "bring down (an opposing player) by tackling" is attested by 1887. Related: Downed; downing.

down实用场景例句

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Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down...: 当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。

I have been down since the injury happened...: 自从受了伤以来我一直很沮丧。

That's down to pure hard work.: 那些全是凭辛苦的劳动得来的。

Mark had told me that he was down for an interview.: 马克已告诉我他要参加一场面试。

...derelict houses that were down for demolition.: 将要拆除的废弃房屋

One of the office girls was down with the flu.: 一位女职员得了流感。

...a little girl down with that nasty bout of measles.: 在麻疹肆虐时染病的小女孩

He paid 20 percent down.: 他付了 20% 的钱款。

Demonstrators chanted 'down with the rebels'.: 示威者高呼“打倒叛徒”。

Any mistakes are entirely down to us...: 任何过错全是我们造成的。

I was a soldier down to my shoelaces.: 我是名不折不扣的军人。

...from the chairman right down to the tea ladies.: 上至主席下至上茶女侍

The poor man's down to his last £3.: 那个可怜的人身上只剩 3 英镑了。

Thirteen months down, twenty-four years to go.: 过去了 13 个月，还有 24 年。

Inflation will be down to three percent...: 通货膨胀率将降到 3%。

We're going down a mountain...: 我们正在下山。

A man came down the stairs to meet them...: 一名男子下楼来迎接他们。

He managed to cling on to a ledge 40ft down the rock face...: 他设法紧紧地攀在了距岩壁顶端 40 英尺的岩礁上。

The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.: 昨晚工会领袖在 400 码深的矿井下举行了彻夜的抗议活动。

She was still looking down at her papers...: 她仍低头看着文件。

She put her head down, her hands over her face...: 她低下头，双手掩面。

Danny put down his glass...: 丹尼放下了玻璃杯。

After two rings I put down the phone...: 响了两声后，我放下了电话。

They set off at a jog up one street and down another...: 他们开始沿着一条又一条的街道慢跑。

Karl looked down the street...: 卡尔朝街尾看了看。

I went down to L.A. all the way from Seattle...: 我从西雅图一路南下到洛杉矶。

I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away...: 我看见他朝大约一英里以外的商店走去了。

People are down the pub, getting drunk...: 人们在酒吧，喝得烂醉。

We got in the car and went down the supermarket and started buying food.: 我们上车前往超市，然后开始购买食物。

Interest rates came down today...: 今天利率下调了。

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